Work Definition
work
English
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Work
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Old English weorc, worc; akin to Old Frisian werk, wirk, Old Saxon, Dutch werk, German Werk, Old High German werc, werah, Icelandic & Swedish verk, Danish værk, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌹 (gawaúrki), Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon, “work”) from ϝέργον, Avestan verez (to work), Armenian գործ (gorç, “work”). Cognates include: bulwark, energy, erg, georgic, liturgy, metallurgy, organ, surgeon, wright.
Noun
work (countable and uncountable; plural works)
- (uncountable) Labour, employment, occupation, job.
- My work involves a lot of travel.
- (uncountable) The place where one is employed.
- He hasn’t come home yet, he’s still at work.
- (uncountable) Effort expended on a particular task.
- Holding a brick over your head is hard work.
- It takes a lot of work to write a dictionary.
- (uncountable, often in combination) The result of a particular manner of production.
- There's a lot of guesswork involved.
- Let's take the guess work out of it.
- (uncountable, often in combination) Something produced using the specified material or tool.
- We've got some paperwork to do before we can get started.
- With the rigors of clinical trials, there's a lot of paper work
- (countable) A literary, artistic, or intellectual production.
- It is a work of art.
- (uncountable, physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move.
- Work is done against friction to drag a bag along the ground.
- (uncountable, thermodynamics) A nonthermal First Law energy in transit between one form or repository and another. Also, a means of accomplishing such transit.[1].
- (countable) A fortification.
- William the Conqueror fortified many castles, throwing up new ramparts, bastions and all manner of works.
- (uncountable, slang, professional wrestling) The staging of events to appear as real.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Terms derived from
work (noun)
Translations
labour, employment, occupation, job
- Afrikaans: werk (af)
- Arabic: عَمَل (ar) (3amal) m.
- Egyptian Arabic: شغل (shughl) m.
- Moroccan Arabic: جدمة (khedma) f.
- Armenian: աշխատանք (hy) (ašxatank’), գործ (hy) (gorç)
- Belarusian: праца (be) (práca) f.
- Bulgarian: работа (bg) (rabóta) f., труд (bg) (trud) m.
- Burmese: လုပ်အား (my), အလုပ် (my)
- Catalan: treball (ca) m.
- Chechen: болх
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 工作 (zh) (gōngzuò), 勞動 (zh), 劳动 (zh) (láodòng), 職業 (zh), 职业 (zh) (zhíyè)
- Cia-Cia: 까라자아
- Czech: práce (cs) f., zaměstnání (cs) n.
- Danish: arbejde (da) n.
- Dutch: werk (nl) n., job (nl) f.
- Esperanto: laboro (eo)
- Ewe: dɔwɔwɔ
- Finnish: työ (fi)
- French: travail (fr) m.
- Galician: traballo (gl) m.
- Georgian: მუშაობა (ka) (mushaoba)
- German: Arbeit (de) f.
- Greek: έργο (el) n. sg., εργασία (el) f. sg., δουλειά (el) f. sg.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f., מלאכה (he) (melakhá) f.
- Hindi: काम (hi) (kām) m.
- Hungarian: munka (hu)
- Icelandic: vinna (is)
- Irish: obair (ga) f., saothar (ga) m.
- Italian: lavoro (it) m., impiego (it) m.
- Japanese: 仕事 (ja) (しごと, shigoto), 労働 (ja) (ろうどう, rōdō), 職業 (ja) (しょくぎょう, shokugyō)
- Kamba: wia
- Kikuyu: wira
- Korean: 일 (ko) (il)
- Kurdish: کار (ku), ئیش (ku)
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- Latgalian: dorbs
- Latin: labor (la) m.
- Latvian: darbs (lv) m.
- Luhya: ekasi
- Macedonian: работа (mk) (rabóta) f.
- Malay: kerja (ms)
- Navajo: naanish
- Occitan: trabalh (oc) m.
- Persian: کار (fa) (kaar)
- Polish: praca (pl) f.
- Portuguese: trabalho (pt) m.
- Punjabi: ਕੰਮ (kanm) m.
- Romanian: muncă (ro) f., serviciu (ro) n., ocupație (ro) f., îndeletnicire (ro) f.
- Romansch: (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Puter, Vallader) lavur (rm) f., (Surmiran) lavour (rm) f.
- Russian: работа (ru) (rabóta) f., труд (ru) (trud) m.
- Scots: wark
- Scottish Gaelic: cosnadh (gd) m., obair (gd) f.
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: посао (sh) m.
- Roman: posao (sh) m.
- Slovak: práca (sk) f.
- Slovene: delo (sl) n.
- Sotho: mosebetsi (st)
- Spanish: trabajo (es) m.
- Swahili: kazi (sw)
- Swedish: arbete (sv) n., jobb (sv) n.
- Telugu: కూలీపని (te)(kUlIpani),ఉద్యోగము (te)(udyOamu),వృత్తి (te)(vrutti)
- Thai: การงาน (th) (gaan ngaan), งาน (th) (ngaan)
- Turkish: iş (tr), meslek (tr)
- Ukrainian: робота (uk) (robóta) f., праця (uk) (prácja) f.
- Urdu: کام (ur) (kām) m.
- Vietnamese: việc làm (vi), công việc (vi)
- Walloon: ovraedje (wa) m. and f., boutaedje (wa) m.
- Welsh: gwaith (cy)
- West Frisian: wurk n.
- !Xóõ: ǀgáã
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effort expended on a particular task
measure of energy expended in moving an object
nonthermal First Law energy in transit between one form or repository and another
literary, artistic, or intellectual production
- Armenian: աշխատանք (hy) (ašxatank’), գործ (hy) (gorç)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 作品 (zh) (zuò pǐn), 著作 (zh) (zhù zuò)
- Czech: dílo n., (a master work, craftsmanship) mistrovská práce f.
- Danish: værk (da) n.
- Dutch: werk (nl) n., werkstuk (nl) n.
- Esperanto: verko (eo), verkaĵo (eo)
- Estonian: teos (et)
- Finnish: teos (fi)
- French: travail (fr) m.
- German: Werk (de) n.
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f., מלאכה (he) (melakhá) f.
- Irish: saothar (ga) m.
- Italian: lavoro (it), opera (it), creazione (it)
- Japanese: 作品 (さくひん, sakuhin), 著作 (ちょさく, chosaku)
- Korean: 작품 (jakpum)
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- Latin: opus (la)
- Latvian: darbs (lv) m.
- Malay: karya (ms)
- Polish: dzieło (pl) n., utwór (pl) m.
- Romanian: operă (ro) f., creație (ro) f., lucrare (ro) f.
- Romansch: (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) ovra (rm) f., (Puter, Vallader) ouvra (rm) f.
- Russian: работа (ru) (rabóta) f., труд (ru) (trud) m., произведение (ru) (proizvedénije) n.
- Scots: wark
- Serbo-Croatian: rad (sh) m., djelo (sh) n.
- Slovene: delo (sl) n.
- Spanish: obra (es) f.
- Swahili: kazi (sw)
- Swedish: verk (sv) n.
- Telugu: మేధాశక్తి (te)(mEdhASakti)
- Turkish: eser (tr), yapıt (tr)
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place where one is employed
fortification
- Czech: dílo (cs) n.
- Danish: værk (da) n., forsvarsværk (da) n.
- Finnish: varustus (fi)
- Hebrew: עבודה (he) (avodá) f.
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- Russian: укрепление (ru) (ukreplénije) n.
- Scots: wark
- Spanish: obras (es) f. pl.
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
- Albanian: punë
- Arabic: عمل (ar) (3ámal) m.
- Basque: lan
- Breton: labour m., labourioù pl. (1), oberenn f., oberennoù pl. (3)
- Bulgarian: работа (rabota) f.
- Catalan: treball m.
- Franco-Provençal: ôvra f., besogne f.
- French: travail m.
- German: Arbeit f. (1,2,3,6,7), Werk n. (4,5)
- Ancient Greek: ἔργον (ergon) n. (1,2,5,7,8)
- Hindi: काम (kām), कार्य (kārya), कर्म (karma)
- Ido: laboro, laborajo (1), verko (4).
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- Kurdish: kar m., îş m., ked f., şol m., şuxl m., xebat f., çalakî f., wezîfe f., erk m., vatinî f.
- Marathi: काम (kām), कार्य (kārya), कर्म (karma)
- Persian: کار (kār)
- Portuguese: trabalho m.
- Romanian: muncă f., treabă f., operă f., lucrare f.
- Scottish Gaelic: obair
- Slovak: robota f.
- Swahili: kazi (noun 9/10) (1,2)
- Telugu: పని (te) (pani) (1, 2), ఉద్యొగము (te) (udyogamu) (1), శ్రమ (te) (srama) (2)
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References
- ^ See http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0004055
Etymology 2
Old English wyrċan, cognate with Old Frisian werka, wirka, Old Saxon wirkian, Low German warken, Dutch werken, Old High German wurken (German wirken, werken and werkeln), Old Norse yrkja and orka, (Swedish yrka and orka), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽.
Verb
work (third-person singular simple present works, present participle working, simple past and past participle worked or rarely wrought)
- (intransitive) To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers.
- He’s working in a bar.
- Followed by in. Said of one's workplace (building), or one's department, or one's trade (sphere of business).
-
- I work in a national park.
- She works in the human resources department.
- He mostly works in logging, but sometimes works in carpentry.
- Followed by as. Said of one's job title
- Followed by for. Said of a company or individual who employs.
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- She works for Microsoft.
- He works for the president.
- Followed by with. General use, said of either fellow employees or instruments or clients.
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- I work closely with my Canadian counterparts.
- I work with computers.
- I work with the homeless people from the suburbs.
- (transitive) To effect by gradual degrees.
- He worked his way through the crowd.
- The dye worked its way through.
- Using some tweezers, he worked the bee sting out of his hand.
- (transitive) To embroider with thread.
- (transitive) To set into action.
- He worked the levers.
- (transitive, Zymurgy) To cause to ferment.
- (transitive) To exhaust, by working.
- the mine was worked until the last scrap of ore had been extracted.
- (transitive) To shape, form, or improve a material.
- He used pliers to work the wire into shape.
- (transitive) To operate in a certain place, area, or speciality.
- She works the night clubs.
- The salesman works the Midwest.
- This artist works mostly in acrylics.
- (transitive) To operate in or through; as, to work the phones.
- (transitive) To provoke or excite; to influence.
- The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy.
- (transitive) To use or manipulate to one’s advantage.
- She knows how to work the system.
- (transitive) To cause to happen or to occur as a consequence.
- I cannot work a miracle.
- (transitive) To cause to work.
- He is working his servants hard.
- (intransitive) To function correctly; to act as intended; to achieve the goal designed for.
- He pointed at the car and asked, "Does it work"?
- He looked at the bottle of pain pills, wondering if they would work.
- My plan didn’t work.
- (intransitive, figuratively) To influence.
- They worked on her to join the group.
- (intransitive) To effect by gradual degrees; as, to work into the earth.
- (intransitive) To move in an agitated manner.
- His fingers worked with tension.
- (intransitive) To behave in a certain way when handled;
- This dough does not work easily.
- The soft metal works well.
- (ditransitive) To cause (someone) to feel
- 1909, Robert W. Service, “The Ballad of One-Eyed Mike”, in Ballads of a Cheechako:
- So sad it seemed, and its cheek-bones gleamed, and its fingers flicked the shore; / And it lapped and lay in a weary way, and its hands met to implore; / That I gently said: “Poor, restless dead, I would never work you woe; / Though the wrong you rue you can ne’er undo, I forgave you long ago.”
- (obsolete, intransitive) To hurt; to ache.
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XXI:
- ‘I wolde hit were so,’ seyde the Kynge, ‘but I may nat stonde, my hede worchys so—’
Derived terms
phrasal verbs derived from
work (verb)
other terms derived from the
work (verb)
Translations
to do a specific task
effect by gradual degrees (
transitive)
- Danish: bane sig vej (da), arbejde (da) sig
- Finnish: tunkeutua (fi), hivuttaa (fi)
- Hebrew: עשה (he) (`asáh)
- Polish: przedzierać się
- Russian: пробираться (probirát's'a) impf., пробраться (probrát's'a) pf. through a crowd, просачиваться (prosáčivat's'a) impf., просочиться (prosočít's'a) pf. about a liquid
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embroider with thread
- Danish: brodere (da)
- French: broder (fr)
- Polish: wyszywać
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set into action
- Danish: betjene (da), anvende (da)
- Finnish: käyttää (fi)
- French: actionner (fr)
- Hebrew: הפעיל (he) (hif`íl)
- Japanese: 働かせる (hatarakaseru)
- Polish: wprowadzić (pl)
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cause to ferment
exhaust
shape, form, or improve a material
operate in a certain place, area, or specialty.
to operate in or through
provoke or excite
use or manipulate
- Danish: udnytte (da)
- Finnish: käyttää (fi), ohjata (fi)
- Japanese: 働かせる (hatarakaseru)
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cause to happen
cause to work
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- Japanese: 働かせる (hatarakaseru)
- Swedish: driva (sv)
- Turkish: çalıştırmak (tr)
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function correctly
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- Hebrew: עבד (he) (`avád)
- Norwegian: fungere (no), virke (no), gå (no)
- Polish: działać (pl)
- Portuguese: funcionar (pt)
- Russian: работать (rabótat’)
- Scots: wirk
- Serbian:
- Cyrillic: радити, функционисати
- Roman: raditi, funcionisati
- Spanish: funcionar, marchar, ser eficaz (of medicine)
- Swedish: fungera (sv), gå (sv) (of machinery, or abstractly)
- Turkish: çalışmak (tr), iş görmek (tr), işe yaramak (tr)
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influence
- Danish: bearbejde (da)
- Finnish: vaikuttaa (fi)
- Japanese: 働きかける (hataraki-kakeru)
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effect by gradual degrees (
intransitive)
move in an agitated manner.
behave in a certain way when handled.
- Danish: virke (da), fungere (da)
- Finnish: muokkautua
- French: se travailler (fr)
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cause to feel
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
Statistics
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